[8], The history of Islam and Russia encompasses periods of conflict between the Muslim minority and the Orthodox majority, as well as periods of collaboration and mutual support. [117] Other major urban areas are Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and Chelyabinsk. A Chechen refugee went to Red Square to meet his girlfriend and was slapped and stabbed through the heart by a Russian nationalist. And as Muslim families have a birth rate one child higher than the rest of the continent, the Pew Research Center projects nearly 1 in 5 people will be Muslim in the United Kingdom (17%),. The Muslim population in Europe is about 50 million today going to 60 million by 2030, forming 8% of Europe's population (excluding Turkey). The UK Muslim population rose from 4.9 percent to 6.5 percent from 2011 to 2021. Minority groups", " ", "Moscow mayor: No more mosques in my city", "7500 Mosques Have Been Erected In Russia Since Putin Became President", "Moscow's Muslims find no room in the mosque", "Litvinenko converted to Islam father says", "On The Road | British investigators land in Moscow", Reasons and Consequences: Banning Hadiths and Seerah in Russia, onislam.net, History of Hajj in Russia from 18th to 21st century, Islam in Russia (History & Facts), onislam.net, Chris Kutschera - "The Rebirth of Islam in Tatarstan", Russia has a Muslim dilemma Ethnic Russians hostile to Muslims, Islam, Russian Orthodox Church Relations and the State in Post-communist Russia. The period from the Russian conquest of Kazan in 1552 by Ivan the Terrible to the ascension of Catherine the Great in 1762 featured systematic Russian repression of Muslims through policies of exclusion and discrimination - as well as the destruction of Muslim culture by the elimination of outward manifestations of Islam such as mosques. [72] Various distinct ethnic groups also inhabit the North Caucasus. [62], According to The Washington Post, "Russian Muslims are split regarding the [Russian] intervention in Syria, but more are pro- than anti-war. [13] However, since 2020, due to excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia's population has undergone its largest peacetime decline in recorded history. [13], In the mid-7th century AD, as part of the Muslim conquest of Persia, Islam was introduced to the Caucasus region, parts of which were later permanently incorporated by Russia. The number of people following Islam in England and Wales rose 44%, from 2.7 million in 2011 to 3.9 million in 2021. Russian Army forces were commanded into Grozny in 1994, but, after two years of intense fighting, the Russian troops eventually withdrew from Chechnya under the Khasavyurt Accord. Mosque in Noyabrsk in Siberia's Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where Muslims make up 18% of the total population. [107] It spent roughly 4.7% of its GDP on education in 2018. ", "Islam, Islamism, and Terrorism in the Northern Caucasus and Central Asia: A Critical Assessment", "ISLAMIC EXTREMISM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS: WHAT KIND OF THREAT FOR REGIONAL SECURITY? Muslims accused of having Wahabbi sympathies have had he mosques raided and religious material, including Korans, confiscated. According to a US State Department release and Pew research group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim. According to a comprehensive survey conducted in 2012, Muslims were 6.5% of Russia's population. In a recent interview,Gaynetdin has told Anadolu news agency that the Muslim community in Russia is indigenous andcontinues to grow in acceptance with Russias other faiths. *, The Islamic Cultural Center of Russia, which includes a medrese (religious school), opened in Moscow in 1991. The growth rate for the Muslim population in Russia is projected to be 0.6% annually over the next two decades. Chechens are accused of following Wahhabism. [94][95][96] Other branches of Christianity present in Russia include Catholicism (approx. The mayor of Moscow said that Moscow cannot do without worker migrants. Its estimated population in 2022 is 145,805,944 * equivalent to 1.87% of the total world population. More than 3 million Tajik citizens were officially registered in Russia in 2021. . 2005. He says that the Khanty-Mansiisk district is "a unique Siberian region" in that about 15 percent of its population consists of Muslims, mostly from the Middle Volga, Central Asia and the Caucasus. The Tatars of the Khanate of Kazan inherited the population of believers from that state. According to the report, the Christian population increased by 2% in 2021. Robert Crews's study of Muslims living under the Tsar indicates that "the mass of Muslims" was loyal to that regime after Catherine, and sided with it over its Ottoman rival. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. This wave continues into the present, with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine leading to considerable Russian emigration associated with the invasion. [82] Russian is the second-most used language on the Internet after English,[83] and is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station,[84] as well as one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Celebrations were muted for a second year in a row due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Kazan has a large Muslim population (probably the second after Moscow urban group of the Muslims and the biggest indigenous group in Russia) and is home to the Russian Islamic University in Kazan, Tatarstan. Moscow has the largest Muslim community in Europe. The 1952 Constitution grants freedom of religion while . "In Israel, the Christian number is stable because there is freedom of religion," Pastor Petra Heldt, a leading Christian scholar who has lived in Israel 40 years, told Fox News Digital. In 2001, the mainstream Islamic Refakh movement announced it was going to form a new party: the Prosperity Party. Central Muslim Spiritual Board of Russia - official website, Russia Mufties Council - official website, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islam_in_Russia&oldid=1118586644, This page was last edited on 27 October 2022, at 20:33. Russia is one of the world's most urbanized countries, with roughly 75% of its total population living in urban areas. If the trend continues, the Muslim population could outnumber ethnic Russians within 30 years. The Muslim Spiritual Authority is in the city of Ufa. The Sreda Arena Atlas 2012 did not count the populations of two Muslim-majority federal subjects of Russia, namely. . Many of the indigenous Russian Muslims are Tatars and Bashkirs of the Volga region and Chechens and Ingush in the Caucasus. Among them are few magazines in Russian, namely: "" (transliteration: Islam), " " (Ekho Kavkaza) and " " (Islamsky Vestnik), and the Russian-language newspaper "" (Assalam), and " " (Nurul Islam), which are published in Makhachkala, Dagestan. . Education is in Russian and Tatar. Various estimates place the current Muslim population in Russia at between 14 million and 20 million people, or between 10 to 14 percent of Russia's total population of 146.8 million in 2018. None of the Medium-Growth Muslim population countries will have a majority of Muslim population in the next 200 years, the most will be more than 25 per cent of the population in Italy (in 2220) and Switzerland (in 2200). Sufi rituals, practiced to give the Chechens spiritual strength to resist foreign oppression, became legendary among Russian troops fighting the Chechens during tsarist times. says UK population data for 2021 (Representational image) . The Top 10 Countries with the Largest Muslim Populations in the World in 2021 Maldives (100%) Mauritania (99.9%) Somalia (99.8% - tie) Tunisia (99.8% - tie) In the 2021 census, roughly 71.7% of the population were ethnic Russians, and the remaining 16.7% of the population were ethnic minorities with 11.6% not stating an ethnicity. Given the demographic changes, Muslims will represent one third (the downward estimate) and half (the upward estimate) of the Russian population . [10] As of 2020, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 71.54 years (66.49 years for males and 76.43 years for females). There are more than two billion Muslims worldwide, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world, exceeded only by Christianity. [44] Muslims were exempt from military conscription during World War I. In 2022, the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM) found that 68% of Russians identified Orthodox Christians, 1% were Protestants, 6% were Muslims, 4% belonged to other religions, 20% had no religion in particular and 1% were unsure about their belief. In the census of 2011, there were 2.7 million Muslims (4.9% of the population). 38", " :: ", "The Demographic Yearbook of Russia 2019", https://www.gks.ru/storage/mediabank/Popul2020.xls, "Russia trying to resolve demographic problem through immigration", "Immigration Drives Russian Population Increase", "The Caucasus Concerned over Born-Again Russians", "Uzbekistan: Minorities Taking Advantage of New Russian Citizenship Rules", " NEWSru.com:: : 3 , 4 "" ", "Russia reports surge in undocumented migration from Asia", "Illegal immigrants can be barred from Russia for 510 years", "The Backlash Against Immigration in Russia", "Some 500 illegal immigrants from Vietnam arrested in Moscow", "Fleeing Putin, Thousands of Educated Russians Are Moving Abroad", "Russia faces brain drain as thousands flee abroad", "Russia's Brain Drain Becomes a Stampede for the Exits", "Russia's war migrants find mixed reception in Georgia", "Who are the Russians leaving their country? In Islam, each country has its own spiritual institutionalisation.. The number of mosques dropped from 34,000 in the former Soviet Union before 1917 to 400 afterwards, Under Stalin, Muslim leaded were deported and sent to labor camps. Patterns of violent crime in Russia. Official recognition: He also noted that Islam was declared as the state religion in one of the states located in the territory of present-day Russia in the Volga Bulgaria, in 922, which was 66 years earlier than the acceptance of Orthodox Christianity as the state religion of Kievan Rus. In the 2021 census, there were 3.9 million Muslims (6.5%): an increase of 44% in just ten years. In Russia, there are three federal centres and we believe that this is the best option for the management of Muslim religious affairs in Russia, the mufti said. Ravil Gaynutdin, head of the Council of Muftis of Russia, announced that Russia's population of 144 . No pope: Islam is a very democratic religion, we do not have one hierarchy like in Christianity., There is no pope or Ecumenical Patriarch for Islam. Graffiti in Moscow reads "Kill the blacks.". Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[22]. Questions or comments, e-mail ajhays98@yahoo.com, Minorities - Muslims, Jews and Old Believers. [53][54][55][56], A chain e-mail spread a hoax speech attributed to Putin which called for tough assimilation policies on immigrants, no evidence of any such speech can be found in Russian media or Duma archives. Demographers estimate Russia's Islamic community may account for a majority of the nation's population by mid-century. Islam in Tanzania is the second largest religion in the country behind Christianity. Percentage of Muslims in Russia by region: According to the 2010 Russian census, Moscow has less than 300,000 permanent residents of Muslim background, while some estimates suggest that Moscow has around 1 million Muslim residents and up to 1.5 million more Muslim migrant workers. [51], Russia, by constitution, guarantees free, universal health care for all Russian citizens, through a compulsory state health insurance program. More than 90% of Muslims in Russia adhere to the Sunni Islam. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understanding of country or topic discussed in the article. (922). Although history of Islam religion in India dates back to 12th century, the nation is currently home to over 10% of the world's Muslim population. In Moscow, only one community is registered as Shia, he said. [105] The Ministry of Education of Russia is responsible for primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education; while the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia is responsible for science and higher education. The 2000 estimates appear to have undercounted Muslims in Cyprus, France, Guatemala, Hungary, Slovakia and Vietnam, while overcounting the number in Laos, Lesotho and Taiwan. The annexation is internationally recognized only by North Korea. The Russo-Circassian War ended with the signing of loyalty oaths by Circassian leaders on 2 June [O.S. [26] Cossack rank was awarded to Bashkirs. [16] There are over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. Some Muslim ethnic groups have been among the most resistant minorities to becoming part of unfied Russia. *, Relations between the Russian government and Muslim elements of the population have been marked by mistrust and suspicion. [14] In 2020, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[15] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1 and about equal to the European average. In fact, many researchers project that Muslims will outnumber Christians by the year 2050. [16], The Tatars of the Crimean Khanate, the last remaining successor to the Golden Horde, continued to raid Southern Russia and burnt down parts of Moscow in 1571. The Russian government, for its part, fears the rise of political Islam of the violent sort that Russians witnessed in the 1980s firsthand in Afghanistan and secondhand in Iran. In a few areas, notably Chechnya, there is a tradition of Sufism, a mystical variety of Islam that stresses the individual's search for union with God. [102], Russia has an adult literacy rate of 100%. Again, no scope for anti-minority or majority. In the 1990s, the number of Islamic publications has increased. 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